passive voice

ประธานถูกกระทำ
v.to be + v.3

กิริยาที่ทำเป็น passive voice ไม่ได้
อะไรที่ไม่มีกรรมจะเป็น passive voice ไม่ได้

walk, sit, stand, die, 
exist, appear, occur, happen = เกิดขึ้น (เอง)

rise - passive ไม่ได้ เพราะขึ้นด้วยตัวเอง (ไม่มีกรรม)
raise = ยกขึ้น (มีกรรม)


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